1

  It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they

 consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consid

er higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use

 to “place” a new acquaintance(熟人), however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.

In Greece, after the sixthcentury B.C., there was a growing conflict between

 the peasants and the landed aristocrats(贵族), and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classses which were politically and legally distinct. About onethird of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the “metics”, who were freemen, though they two were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of “citizens”, who were themselves divided into subclasses.

In the later Middle Ages, however, the development of monetary economy and the

growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the “burghers” or

 city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.

With the breakup of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour, and the growing power of the town burghers(公民), the commercial and professional

 middle class became more and more important in Europe, and the older privileged

 class, the landed aristocracy, began to lose some of its power.

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ____.

A. to define the term social class does not involve much difficulty

B. there is much alternation in people’s social classes

C. to evaluate a person’s social class is a very complex procedure

D. we can tell which social class a person belongs to by the way he behaves

2. In Line 5 Paragraph 1, “criteria” most probably means ____.

A. standards of judgement  B. ways

C. criticism  D. characteristic

3. The decline of the Greek aristocracy’s power in the sixth century B.C.

 was the result of ____.

A. the conflicts between the peasants and the landed aristocrats

B. the foreign residents

C. slaves

D. the newly emerging middle class in the sixth century

4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?

A. Slaves in Greece in the sixth century B.C. were not politically significant.

B. The “burghers” of the later Middle Ages constituted an entirely new

social class.

C. To some extent, social mobility can be attributed to the growth of trade.

D. The new class made up of traders and executive officials of the later

Middle Ages made the development of a money economy possible.

5. The best title of the passage might be ____.

A. The Criteria for Classifying Social Groups

B. Social Classes

C. Changes in Social System

D. The Evolution of Human Society



 

2

 

  It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years

largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches

 the child something and the effects are cumulative. “Upbringing” is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term “education”. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.

The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture.

In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence(青春期) tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.

Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends

not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.

Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid(严格的) general rules. They use general

information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems.

All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger

the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’s continuing development may be warped.

A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy” but tactile stage of discovery

 before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of

the one before.

6. It’s a general belief that a child’s later character and personality is ____ decided by his early experiences both at home and in school.

A. chiefly  B. by chance  C. entirely  D. seldom

7. The word “cumulative” in Line 3 most probably means ____.

A. decisive  B. extremely beneficial

C. strong  D. progressively greater

8. It can be seen from the passage that ____.

A. the cultural pattern is the single factor that affects a child’s upbringing in the home

B. by no means does the technological development of a community contribute to the development of children’s character

C. there are advisable rules for parents to go by in bringing up their ch

Ildren

D. upbringing and education are mutually complementary

9. A child’s development might well be adversely affected if ____.

A. he were subjected to unusually strict discipline

B. his mot

her often gave in to his demands

C. his energies were freely given an outletD. he were brought up in a happy environment

10.As it is presented in the passage, rather than a smooth progression the development of the human character and personality is a series of ____.

A. acts  B. stages  C. functions  D. completions



 

3

  It’s often hard for those of us who have achieved the status of honoured parent to appreciate quite how spoilt the children of the 1980s are when it comes to

TV and films. Anything less than total visual perfection and watch out for trouble as you shuffle out through the doorway marked “EXIT”. But we must be firm occasionally, so next time your child observes that, personally, he would have expected a decaying body to have had a somewhat greener colour, seize him by the ear and remind him that when you were young, people used to run out of the cinema

crying with terror as a clothcovered rubber gorilla sat on top of a cardboard

skyscraper and snatched balsawood aeroplanes out of the sky.

If any one man may be held responsible for this state of affairs then it must

be Tony Dyson, creator of R2D2 in the film The Empire Strikes Back. If it were not for him, then film special effects would still be back in the faroff innocent days of jerky paper dinosaurs. Brian Johnson, who was in charge of the special effects of The Empire Strikes Back, ordered not just one, but eight editions of the robot which was soon to win the hearts of audiences the world over as R2D2. It  took the Dyson workshop five months of frantic labour but the order was met in time for the start of the shooting of the film.

After the success of R2D2, other film and television work followed; a great deal for the Oxford Scientific Film series of wildlife documentaries. But Tony Dyson has always been an enthusiastic reader of science fiction, ever since childhood, and his old interest soon led him back to robots of one kind or another, and this time to robots for advertising purposes. Phil the robot was designed for Philips domestic appliances and this twometre robot has appeared in children’s

TV programmes, in stores up and down the country, at exhibitions as well as in television commercials.

Tony has now completed work on Harry, an animated advertising cartoon with a difference in that he holds conversations with his audiences. But his main interest at the moment is the launching of DroidFactory Ltd; a company set up specially to rent out promotional robots to marketing companies.

11.Children nowadays are different from their parents in the way that ____.

A. they cause trouble in cinemas

B. they are more visually aware

C. they have perfect eyesight

D. they are more easy to spoil

12.The writer suggests that parents should ____.

A. encourage their children to see old films

B. control their children by twisting their ears

C. stand no nonsense from their children

D. scare their children by taking them to horror films

13.The importance of Tony Dyson to the cinema is ____.

A. he was the first man to produce special effects

B. he changed people’s expectations of special effects

C. he produced models of dinosaurs out of paper

D. he created the film The Empire Strikes Back

14.Dyson invented Phil the robot to ____.

A. advertise a product

B. make appearance on television

C. be displayed in shops

D. appear at exhibitions

15.Nowadays Dyson is mainly interested in ____.

A. having conversations with robotsB. appearing in supermarkets

C. selling promotional robotsD. establishing a company

 

 

4

  In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religi

ous associations. The Olympian athletic festival, held every four years in honour of Zeus, eventually lost its local character, bacame first a national event, and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been waived , international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.

The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonoured  persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boys’ gymnastics, horseracing, field events such as discus and javelin throwing, and the very important foot races. There was also boxing and wrestling and special tests of varied ability such as the pentathlon, the winner of which excelled in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing and wrestling. The evening of the third day was devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes of the day, and the fourth day, that of the full moon, was set aside as a holy day.

On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned with holy garlands(花

冠) of wild olive from a sacred wood. So great was the honour that the winner of

 the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. The public honour also made the strict discipline of the tenmonth training period worthwhile. In spite of the lengthy training, however runners were known to drop dead from strain at the winning post.

After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were abolished

 in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan(异教的) origin. It was over 1,500 years before there was another such international athletics gathering.

 The Greek institution was revived in 1896 and the first small meeting took place in Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was reestablished and nations sent their best representatives. In times of peace, the Games have taken place ever since at fouryearly intervals.〖FK)〗[CSX][CSD]

16.The first Olympic Games most probably took place ____.

A. in 776 B.C.  B. in 394 A.D.

C. before 776 B.C.  D. 1,500 years ago

17.The word “waived” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ____.

A. applied  B. abolished  C. accepted  D. argued

18.The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympic Games ____.

A. was carefully planned

B. varied according to the phases of the moon

C. was decided by authoritiesD. was not definitely set

19.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. The ancient Olympic Games was originally held for religious purpose.

B. During the ancient Games, the heroes were honored with sacrificial

offerings on the evening before the moon was full.

C. So rigorous and so exhausting was the training that some athletes died

 of tiredness.D. The Games took place intermittently before 394 A.D.

 

20.The best title for the passage might be ____.

A. The Development of the Olympic Games

B. The History of the Olympic Games

C. The Origin of the Olympic Games

D. The Rules of the Olympic Games

 

 

答案部分

1

短文大意

  本文讨论的是社会阶层。人们很难就“社会阶层”这个词的确切意思取得一致意见，评价一个人的社会阶层是一个很复杂的过程，在希腊公元前6世纪后，当中产阶级的商人和技工成长起来时，贵族们的权力逐渐被削弱了。然而在中世纪后期由于货币经济的发展以及城市与贸易的增长。另一个阶层—自由民或商人和市长崛起了。

1. 答案C。

【参考译文】 第一段的中心思想是评价一个人的社会阶层是一个很复杂的过程。

【试题分析】 本题主要考查读者的整体和概括能力。

【详细解答】 在略读全文后，仔细地再回味一下第一段的意思。这一段大体是说，日常生活中，人们对待社会阶层与自己不同和与自己相同的人的方式不尽相同，衡量人的标准也较为复杂，包括衣着谈吐，居所，教育和举止仪态等等。而第一句中的“社会阶层”一词只是略有提到并未作定义或深究。而且第一句也认为关于社会阶层一词的确切意思也很难达成统一。因此A项中认为“给‘社会阶层’下定义并非难事”的意思显然与原文不符。B项认为人们的社会阶层有许多改动”这一点第一段中并未提到。C项认为是“评价一个人的社会阶层是一个很复杂的过程”，这与原文相符。D项认为是“我们能从一个人的行为来判断他属于哪个社会阶层”，而原文中提到衡量一人的标准不仅包括行为举止，还包括人的衣着，谈吐，教育等诸多方面因素，因此D项不准确。所以此题应选C项。

2. 答案A。

【参考译文】 第一段第五行的“criteria”的意思最可能是“standards of judgement”。

【试题分析】 本题主要考查根据上下

文推测词义的能力。

【详细解答】 首先可以看到criteria是我们用来place(这里指评价)一个人的，另外上一句也说到了社会标准(social scale)，由此我们推断criteria应该是一种尺度或标准，选项中A项认为是判断的标准，B项认为是方式，C项认为批评，D项认为是特性，很明显A是符合原文意思。

3. 答案D。

【参考译文】 公元前六世纪希腊贵族权力的衰落是新兴中产阶级出现的结果。

【试题分析】 本题要求考生在略读后再精读相关段落和细节。

【详细解答】 首先找到出现了公元前6世纪的那一段即第二段，其中

提到当中层阶级的商人和技工成长起来时，贵族们的权力逐渐被削弱了。从这一细节我们不难看出，D项的“新出现的中层阶级”是最合适的答案。而A项的“农民与地主贵族间的冲突”并不是主要原因，只是描述了当时的社会背景，而B项和C项中的“外来居民”和“奴隶”在政治上都没有权力自然也无法与贵族们抗争。

4. 答案D。

【参考译文】 根据本文，下面哪一句话不真实?

【试题分析】 本题考查在对全文理解的基础上进行推理的能力。

【详细解答】 A项认为“公元前6世纪的希腊，奴隶在政治上是无关紧要的”，这与原文中所提到的奴隶无政治权的意思相符，所以不应选A。

文中第三段写道：中世纪后期，货币经济的发展和城市与贸易的增长促进了另一个阶层的

崛起——自由民或商人和市长的崛起，并提到一个地方的人转移到另一个地方越来越容易。

因此B项认为“中世纪后期的自由民组成了一个全新的社会阶层”，这与原文相符。

C项认为“在某种程度上，社会流动性促进了贸易的增长，从对整个第三段的理解，且根

据日常知识，我们可判断C是正确的。

D项认为“中世纪后期的商人和执行官员使货币经济的发展得以实现”。这与原文不符，

所以D项是不正确的，应选D。

5. 答案B。

【参考译文】 本文的最佳题目可能是“社会阶层”。

【试题分析】 本题要求准确理解全文。

【详细解答】 为文章选题目也是考察对全文是否理解透彻的方法之一。只有完全读懂后

才能找出中心，一般一篇文章的题目就是全文的中心。A项认为“划分社会层次的标准”而

这篇文章的重点未放在划分标准上，只是在篇首略有提到，所以A不正确。B项认为“社会阶层”，C项认为是社会体系的变化，D项认为是“人类社会的演变”，显然D项是不正确的，B和C在文中都有叙述，但C项偏重于社会体系，文中重点描述了社会阶层的变化，因此C不太准确，而B项的确反映了全文围绕的中心。



 

2

短文大意

  本文讨论的是儿童教育问题。 教师都要对儿童成长负责。养育和教育是相互依赖的，养育孩子的理论和作法因文化不同而不同。家庭的早期养育既受到了社会文化的影响，也受到父母能力和目标的影响，既依靠养育和教育，也依靠儿童的天赋，所有的父母都必须解决自由与纪律的问题。

6. 答案A。

【参考译文】 人们普遍认为，儿童后天的性格和个性主要由他家庭

和学校的早期经历决定的。

【试题分析】 本题要求根据文章的内容填词。

【详细解答】 这一类题目主要考点是用一个意思相近的词代替原文

中的词，考察读者是

否读懂了原文，文中第一句话与题干极其相似，其中的largely一词被挑出，要求用选项中

的某一项代替。.largely的意思为“主要地，大量地”，A中chiefly(主要地)与largely意思一致，因此是正确的。B项的意思是“偶然的”，显然与原文意思不符，故不正确。C项的意思是“完全地”，有些过于绝对，不太准确，D项的意思是“很少”，与原文不符，故不正确。

7. 答案D。

【参考译文】 第三行的“cumulative”这个词的意思很可能是“progressively greater”。

【试题分析】 本题考查考生根据文章上下文猜测词义的能力。【详细解答】 这一题的

考 点仍是用意思相近的词来解释原文中的词，对于一个不熟悉的词可以根据上下文的意思

猜一猜，文中相应的那句话提到孩子们的每一次经历都会教给孩子们一些东西。这就意味着

经历对孩子们的影响有一个循序渐进和积累的过程，因此我们可推断cumulative可能有“逐

渐的，积累”这种意思。A的意思是“决定性的”，不能突出逐渐积累的意思，因此不准确

。B项的意思是“绝对有益”，原文中并未对经历对孩子的影响作出肯定或否定的评价，且B

项也同样未突出逐渐的意思，因此B也不准确。C项的意思是强的，原文中提到孩子每一次经历都会教给他一些东西，这并不意味着每一次的影响都很强，若一次影响足够强，也无需积累了，因此C项也不准确，D项的意思是“逐渐增加的”，这正好体现了逐渐积累的意思，因此应选D项。

8. 答案D。

【参考译文】 从本文可以推断，养育和教育是互补的。

【试题分析】 本题考查考生的推理能力。

【详细解答】 这一类题无法从题干中得出一个明确的答案，要从各

选项着手，判断应选

哪一项。通常涵盖原文，需要在浏览全文的基础上，仔细地有针对性地精读，并做出判断。

A项认为文化模式是影响孩子在家庭中成长的唯一因素。而文中第三段段首就指出孩子的

成长受文化模式和父母的能力及他们的目标的影响。因此A项不准确。

B项认为社会的技术发展不能帮助孩子们发展性格，而文中第二段提到在技术发达的社会

，童年时代和青春期更长，这导致有更多的教育机会并能更加多样化地发展性格。显然B项与原文不符。

C项认为对于父母抚养孩子方面有建议性的规则。而文中第五段明确指出在这方面并没有

固定的规则。因此C项不正确。

D项认为成长和教育是互补的，这与文中第一段末尾所述“成长和教育是相互依赖的”意

思相近，因此D项是对的。

9. 答案A。

【参考译文】 如果孩子必须服从非常严格的纪律时，他的发展可能会被扭曲。

【试题分析】 本题考查考生的综合推理能力。

【详细解答】 这一题也要求对选项和原文作对比，才能判断正确，

在什么情况下会对孩子的成长起相反的影响?

A项认为在他必须服从非常严格的纪律时。文中第五段提到所有的父母都得解决自由和

纪律之间的问题，孩子越小，母亲越是要随时准备满足他的要求，以免使他失望，因为她

知道如果孩子的精力不得以释放，他以后的发展可能会被扭曲，由此可以看出A项是正确的

。

B项认为当母亲经常满足孩子的要求时，由原文的意思，我们可以看出只有当母亲不满足孩子的要求时才有可能扭曲孩子将来的发展，因此B项是不正确的。

C项认为当他的精力自由地得以释放时，原文提到如果孩子的精力不得以释放，他将来的

发展可能被扭曲，这显然与C项相反，所以C项是不正确的。

D项认为是当他在一个快乐的环境下被抚养大的情况下，这与原文所指的要求不能得以满

足，精力不能释放，须服从纪律的意思不符，而且以一般常识，我们也可判断在快乐的环境

下成长不会对孩子的成长起负面影响，所以D项不正确。

10.答案B。

【参考译文】 如本文所述，人的性格和个性的发展是一系列的阶段

而不是一蹴而就的。

【试题分析】 本题要求对文章进行细致的推敲和分析。

【详细解答】 这一类题一般无法从原文中找到直接的答案，读者需

要根据文章内容来进

行推断。细心的读者会在本文末不止一次地看到stage一词，最后一段写道：一个孩子必须

在允许享受杂乱却可触摸的发觉阶段的乐趣后才能体会到玩具和书本的那种看不见摸不着的乐趣。同样，在整个人生，每个阶段都依靠于前一个阶段的令人满意的完成。理解了这一段的意思，我们可体会到人的性格的发展正是从一个阶段向另一阶段完善的过程，由此，这一题的答案就不难得出了。

A项认为是一系列的行动，显然不对，B项认为是一系列的阶段，与原文相符，C项认为是一系列的职能，这也与原文不符，D项认为是一系列的完成，与原文不符，因此这一题应选B项。



3

短文大意

  本文讨论的是影视的特技。尽管现代特技处理很逼真，但由于现在的孩子们对所看到的恐

怖、怪异的东西，头脑中有清醒的认识，所以并不惧怕。Tony Dyson改变了电影特技的程度，如果没有他，电影特技还停留在那靠拉动的纸恐龙的幼稚时代。这种特技还用于广告。

11.答案B。

【参考译文】 现在的孩子与他们父母的不同之处在于他们的视觉感知能力更强。

【试题分析】 本题考查对文章的综合判断能力。

【详细解答】 这一题考察读者对文章是否理解，能否读出其中含义

，并用较直接的话表

现出来，文中第一段的第三句话用具体的实例表达出了现在的孩子与他们父母小时候对于视

觉上的东西有着不同的感受，现在的孩子对于恐怖的怪异的东西，并不惧怕，而他们父母小

时候对明显能看出是制造出的怪兽也会吓得要命。尽管现代特技处理已很逼真，但由于现在

的孩子们对所看到的东西头脑中有清醒的认识，因而无所畏惧。所以经过判断可以作出选择

，B项是最适合的答案。

12.答案A。

【参考译文】 作者建议父母应该鼓励自己的孩子看老电影。

【试题分析】 本题要求对文章进行一定的推理和引申。

【详细解答】 这一题同样也无法直接从原文中找出答案。但第一段

提到“下次你的孩子

仔细盯着一个绿色的周身腐烂的怪物看时，你就抓住他的耳朵提醒他，在你小的时候，人们

看见制作不逼真的大猩猩的怪样也会吓得大叫着跑出电影院”，在这里作者的隐含意思并非

要父母拧孩子们耳朵来管教他，也不是说他们不能容忍孩子们胡言乱语，更加不是要家长们

用恐怖电影来吓唬孩子。在这里重点是提醒孩子们小时候看电影时的感受，其隐含意思就是

鼓励孩子们看些老电影。所以应选A项。

13.答案B。

【参考译文】 Tony Dyson对电影的重要性在于他改变了人们对电影

特技的期待。

【试题分析】 本题考查考生对细节的记忆。

【详细解答】 文中提到Tony Dyson时写道，如果没有他，电影特技

还停留在那种拉动的

纸恐龙的幼稚时代。也就是说Tony Dyson改变了电影特技的程度，人们不再满足于简单粗糙的形象，所以B项“他改变了人们对电影特技的期待”，是最佳答案。

14.答案A。

【参考译文】 Dyson发明了Phil这个机器人是为产品做广告。

【试题分析】 本题考查考生对细节的记忆。

【详细解答】 文中第三段第二句的句末写道，这一次的机器人是出

于广告目的。接着描述了Phil这个机器人是为Philip家用电器而设计的。所以不难选出A项为最佳答案。

15.答案C。

【参考译文】 现在Dyson主要感兴趣的是出售宣传性的机器人。

【试题分析】 本题考查考生对细节的记忆。

【详细解答】 第四段的第二句话清楚地写有，目前他的主要兴趣是

成立DroidFactory有限公司，此公司是特别为出租宣传性机器人而建立的。所以综合考虑Dyson现在的兴趣并非简单地建立一个公司，而是为了出售(租)宣传性的机器人。所以最佳答案应为C项。





4

短文大意

  本文讲述了奥运会的历史。在古希腊运动节日是很重要的，与宗教有着很紧密的联系。没

有人能够知道奥运会究竟始于哪一年，但正式的记载是公元前776，运动会于八月在靠近奥

林匹斯山的平原上举行，来自希腊各地的数千人观看了比赛。但妇女不允许观看。奴隶

，妇女和不忠实的人不允许参赛。运动会由于异教的起源，于公元394年被禁止举行。一千

五百多年后于1896运动后恢复举行。

16.答案C。

【参考译文】 第一届奥运会很可能是在公元前776年前举行的。

【试题分析】 本题要求对相关细节进行推理。

【详细解答】 文中提到没人知道奥林匹克运动会究竟源于哪一年，，但正式的记

载始于776B.C.，也就是说奥运会在公元前776年以前就已开始举行了。所以应选C项。

17.答案B。

【参考译文】 第一段中的“waived”这个词可以用“abolished”代替。

【试题分析】 本题要求根据上下文判断词汇的意义。

【详细解答】 对于熟悉的词汇，我们可以从上下文来推断其意思。

上文提到奥运会先是

变成全国性的赛事，后来由于不许外国运动员参加的规则被waived，奥运会就成为国际性的了。可想而知，当然是由于不许外国运动员参加的规则被废除了，奥运会才成为国际性的赛事。所以应选B项。A“采用”，C“接受”，D“争论”，都不符合原文的意思。

18.答案D。

【参考译文】 古代奥运会的比赛顺序没有完全确定。

【试题分析】 本题考察考生对细节的记忆。

【详细解答】 第二段写到运动项目的顺序并不确定，但未说明原因，只是详细介绍了七

天比赛的具体过程。因此经过比较可判断出D项是合适的答案。而A项“周详地计划过”，这显然与文中说的不确定意思相悖。B“根据月相而变动”文中只提到第四天，月满那天被规定为圣日。但月相并不影响其他安排, 所以不正确。C项“由权贵决定”文中提到奥运会的赢家会受到权贵的奖赏，但未曾提到权贵能决定运动项目的顺序，所以不正确。

19.答案D。

【参考译文】 根据本文，下面哪一句不真实?

【试题分析】 本题要求在理解全文的基础上用排除法做。

【详细解答】 A项“古代奥运会最初是为了宗教目的而举行的”这在文章开头就明确地提到了。文中写道“古希腊的运动节是十分重要且与宗教相联系的”，所以A符合原文，不应选。

B项“在古代运动会中，人们在满月的前一天晚上授予英雄们供奉物，以兹奖励”，在文

中第二段段末也明确提到，在运动会的第三天晚上，人们将供奉物授予当天的英雄，而第四

天则为满月日，被定为圣日。因此B项与原文相符。不应选B项。

C项“训练是如此严酷和疲惫以致一些运动员累死了”文中第三段段末也提到有的运动员

由于过度运动而死去。因此C项与原文相符，不应选C项。

D项“奥运会在公元394年前就有间隔地举行”但文中第四段段首提到在公元394年以前的1200年中奥运会每年都举行，从未中断过。直至公元394年被废除。因此D项与原文不相符。应选D。

20.答案B。

【参考译文】 本文的最佳题目可能是“奥运会的历史”。

【试题分析】 本题要求掌握文章的主旨。

【详细解答】 给文章选题目也是对读者理解概括能力的考察。因此，要在理解整篇文章

的基础上选出最能体现文章中心大意的题目。此文主要叙述奥运会从古到今的历程与一些具

体历史事件，是一种叙述历史的文章，因此最贴切的题目应为B项“奥运会的历史”。